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◉ Introduction of Flame Retardants
Flame retardants are functional additives that impart flame retardancy to flammable polymers. It has the advantages of less dosage, high flame retardant efficiency and wide adaptability, and is widely used in plastic modification, textile flame retardant finishing, especially bromine-based and phosphorus-based flame retardants are the most widely used. Flame retardants are toxic and potentially carcinogenic, are not easily degraded in the environment, and are easily accumulated in organisms.
There are many types of flame retardants, which are divided into additive flame retardants and reactive flame retardants according to the method of use. Additive flame retardants are added to the polymer by mechanical mixing to make the polymer flame retardant. At present, additive flame retardants mainly include organic flame retardants and inorganic flame retardants, halogen flame retardants (organic flame retardants) chlorides and organobromides) and non-halogenated. Organic are some flame retardants represented by bromine, phosphorus nitrogen, nitrogen and red phosphorus and compounds, and inorganic are mainly flame retardant systems such as antimony trioxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and silicon. The reactive flame retardant is used as a monomer to participate in the polymerization reaction, so the polymer itself contains flame retardant components.
◉ Related Control
1. Flame retardants concerned in the Stockholm Convention
The international community co-adopted the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in May 2001 to phase out persistent organic pollutants at the global level;
1) Persistent organic pollutants: difficult to degrade, highly toxic, and can migrate over long distances;
2) Flame retardants such as polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, short-chain chlorinated paraffins, and hexabromocyclododecane are listed as persistent organic pollutants to be eliminated in the Convention. Parties to the Convention are obliged to implement the objectives set out in the Convention.
2. EU regulations focus on flame retardants
1) EU POPs regulations, established under the Stockholm Convention;
2) EU RoHS Directive: For electrical and electronic products, the restricted flame retardants are polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers;
3) EU REACH regulations: flame retardants involved in the SVHC list and Annex XVII include tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, -(Azacyclopropyl)phosphate, monomethyldibromodiphenylmethane, etc.;
4) The EU ErP Directive intends to prohibit the use of halogenated flame retardants in the casing and bracket of electronic displays.
3. US regulations focus on flame retardants
1) EPA monitors persistent organic pollutants at the federal level;
2) States in the United States have issued restrictions on flame retardants in consumer products. The flame retardants involved include octabromodiphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ether, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), Tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP), short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCP), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), 2-ethylhexyl-tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBB) , Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tetrabromophthalate (2-ethylhexyl) ester (TBPH), etc.
◉ Testing Method
Common textile flame retardant detection methods include vertical combustion method, 45° combustion method, horizontal combustion method, cigarette and small flame combustion.
List of Test Methods for Flame Retardant Properties of Textiles in China
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Standard |
Standard Name |
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FZ/T 50016-2011 |
Test method for flame retardancy of viscose staple fibers - Oxygen index method |
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FZ/T 50017-2011 |
Test method for flame retardant properties of polyester fiber Oxygen index method |
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GB/T 8924-2005 |
Test method for combustion performance of fiber-reinforced plastics - Oxygen index method |
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GB/T 5454-1997 |
Textiles Flammability test Oxygen index method |
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FZ/T 01028-2016 |
Textiles - Tests for burning properties - Determination of burning rate in the horizontal direction |
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GB/T 5455-2014 |
Textiles - Burning properties - Vertical direction - Determination of damage length and afterburning time |
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GB/T 5456-2009 |
Textiles - Combustion properties - Determination of flame spread properties of test specimens in the vertical direction |
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GB/T 8745-2001 |
Textiles - Burning properties - Determination of burning time on fabric surfaces |
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GB/T 8746-2009 |
Textiles - Flammability - Determination of flammability of test specimens in the vertical direction |
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GB/T 14644-2014 |
Textiles - Burning properties - Determination of burning rate in the 45° direction |
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GB/T 14645-2014 |
Textiles - Burning properties - Determination of damaged area and number of flame contacts in the 45° direction |
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GB/T 20390.1-2006 |
Textiles -- Combustion properties of bedding -- Part 1 -- Test method for ignitability of cigarettes as an ignition source |
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GB/T 20390.2-2006 |
Textiles - Bedding flammability - Part 2 - Ignitability test with small flame as ignition source |
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GB 17927.1-2011 |
Upholstered furniture -- Mattresses and sofas -- Assessment of ignition resistance -- Part 1 -- Smoldering cigarettes |
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GB 17927.2-2011 |
Upholstered furniture -- Mattresses and sofas -- Assessment of ignition resistance -- Part 2 -- Simulated match flame |
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GB/T 14768-2015 |
Carpet combustion performance 45° test method and evaluation |
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GB/T 11049-2008 |
Carpet combustion performance Room temperature tablet test method |
◉ Compliance Services
As a professional third-party testing and certification service organization, Jiayu Testing has qualifications such as CMA, CNAS, CBTL, CPSC, and has obtained laboratory accreditation from multiple authoritative certification agencies at home and abroad. The laboratory is strictly built and managed according to standards, equipped with advanced instruments and equipment, and has a skilled professional technical team with rich industry service experience and strong testing technology capabilities. It is proficient in various regulatory standards and provides testing services for banned flame retardants to assist enterprises in actively responding to regulatory requirements and effectively improving product compliance. Welcome to contact us at 400-9269-886!
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