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◉ Introduction to Online Monitoring and Comparison
Online monitoring device comparison verification refers to the service of evaluating the performance and verifying the accuracy of data of various online monitoring equipment through third-party testing institutions. Using manual monitoring as a reference method, the monitoring behavior of verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of pollutant automatic monitoring equipment monitoring results ensures that the monitoring device can provide reliable and accurate data in actual operation, meeting regulatory requirements in environmental pro
◉ Introduction to Emergency Monitoring for Sudden Environmental Incidents
Emergency monitoring of sudden environmental events refers to the emergency monitoring of sudden environmental events caused by the production, operation, storage, transportation, use, and disposal of hazardous chemicals or waste, as well as unexpected factors or uncontrollable natural disasters, including emergency monitoring of atmospheric, surface water, groundwater, and soil environments.
Sudden environmental incidents refer to events caused by pollutant emissions, natural disasters, production safety accidents, and other factors that result in toxic and harmful substances such as pollutants or radioactive substances entering the atmosphere, water bodies, soil, and other environmental media, causing or potentially causing a decline in environmental quality, endangering public health and property safety, or causing ecological damage, or causing significant social impact, requiring emergency measures to be taken to respond.
Emergency monitoring refers to the monitoring of pollutants, pollutant concentrations, pollution ranges, and their dynamic changes from the occurrence of sudden environmental events to the termination of emergency response. Emergency monitoring includes two stages: preliminary identification of pollution situation and tracking and monitoring.
◉ Emergency monitoring process for sudden environmental incidents
After a sudden environmental incident occurs, according to the emergency response instructions of the emergency organization and command structure, the emergency monitoring plan is activated and emergency monitoring work is carried out.
（1） Preliminary assessment of pollution situation
1. On site investigation
Quickly collect information related to sudden environmental incidents through various channels, and gain a preliminary understanding of the types and conditions of pollutants, as well as the possible scope and degree of pollution.
On site investigation may include the following contents: the time and location of the incident, necessary hydrological, meteorological, and geological parameters, possible names and emissions of pollutants, the scope of pollutant impact, whether there are sensitive points in the surrounding area, environmental elements that may be affected and their functional zoning, etc; A brief description of pollutant characteristics; Other relevant information (such as containers containing toxic and harmful pollutants, labels, etc.).
2. Determination of pollutants and monitoring items
Priority should be given to selecting characteristic pollutants and major pollution factors as monitoring items. Based on the nature of the pollution event and the environmental pollution situation, identify pollutants that accumulate more in the environment, pose greater harm to the environment, have a wide impact range, and have strong toxicity, or specific items that have serious adverse effects on the environment caused by the pollution event. Determine based on the nature of the pollutants (naturalness, diffusivity or activity, toxicity, sustainability, biodegradability or accumulation, potential toxicity) and pollution trends, according to feasibility principles (with monitoring methods, evaluation standards or requirements as much as possible).
(1) Determination of monitoring items for known pollutants
Determine the main monitoring items based on known pollutants and their potential co occurring substances, as well as derived pollutants or secondary pollutants that may react in the environment.
Understand the location, equipment, materials, products, and other information that cause sudden environmental incidents caused by fixed pollution sources, collect representative pollution source samples, determine characteristic pollutants and monitoring items.
For sudden environmental incidents caused by mobile pollution sources, understand the names, quantities, sources, production or use units of hazardous chemicals or hazardous waste transported, and collect representative pollution source samples to determine characteristic pollutants and monitoring items.
(2) Determination of monitoring projects for unknown pollutants
Based on the on-site investigation results, combined with some characteristics and sensory judgments of the sudden environmental event site, such as odor, color, volatility, water reaction characteristics, poisoning symptoms of personnel or animals and plants, and their impact on the surrounding ecological environment, preliminary identification of characteristic pollutants and monitoring items can be made.
Preliminary identification of characteristic pollutants and monitoring items can be made through production, transportation, safety, and environmental records of emission sources that may generate pollution around the event site.
The monitoring results of existing instruments and equipment such as environmental automatic monitoring stations and pollution source online monitoring systems in relevant regions or watersheds can be used to preliminarily determine characteristic pollutants and monitoring items.
On site sampling analysis can be conducted, including collecting representative pollution source samples, using rapid monitoring methods such as test strips, rapid detection tubes, portable monitoring instruments, and mobile monitoring platforms to preliminarily determine characteristic pollutants and monitoring items. If the qualitative result of the on-site rapid monitoring method is detection, further confirmation using other methods based on different principles is required.
Samples (including representative pollution source samples) can be collected on-site and sent to the laboratory for analysis to determine characteristic pollutants and monitoring items.
(3) Selection of preliminary discrimination methods
To quickly identify the type (or name), degree and scope of pollution, as well as the development trend of pollution in sudden environmental incidents, based on existing investigation data, fully utilize on-site rapid monitoring methods and laboratory analysis methods for identification and confirmation. Multiple monitoring techniques such as test strips, rapid detection tubes, portable monitoring devices, mobile monitoring devices (vehicle mounted, unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ships), and remote sensing can be used; The monitoring methods currently in use, such as air automatic monitoring stations, water quality automatic monitoring stations, and pollution source online monitoring systems; Current laboratory analysis methods.
3. Preliminary identification of pollution scope and degree
Based on the basic data, literature, and analysis results collected from on-site investigations, and with the help of remote sensing, geographic information systems, dynamic models, and other technical methods, and if necessary, expert support systems can be relied upon to preliminarily determine the spatial and temporal scope and pollution level that may be affected by sudden environmental events.
（2） Preparation of emergency monitoring plan
The emergency monitoring plan refers to the emergency monitoring plan during the tracking and monitoring phase. Based on the preliminary assessment of the pollution situation, develop an emergency monitoring plan. The emergency monitoring plan should include but not limited to the monitoring points and distance from the site of the sudden environmental event, the latitude and longitude of the monitoring section (point location) and its schematic diagram, monitoring frequency, monitoring items, monitoring methods, evaluation standards or requirements, quality assurance and quality control, data reporting requirements, personnel division of labor and contact information, safety protection, and other aspects. The emergency monitoring plan should be prepared in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, rules, standards, and normative documents, and updated and adjusted in a timely manner during the emergency monitoring process of sudden environmental incidents.
1. Point layout
The setting of sampling sections (points) is generally based on the location of sudden environmental events and the environmental areas that may be affected. At the same time, attention should be paid to the population and living environment, important ecological environment protection targets and environmental sensitive points around the event site. The focus should be on the impact on the air, farmland soil, nature reserves, scenic spots and other areas that require special protection in drinking water sources, crowd activity areas. Reasonable monitoring sections (points) should be set up to determine the location of pollution clusters (belts), reflect pollution change trends, and understand emergency response effects. The deployment points should be dynamically updated and adjusted in a timely manner according to the emergency response situation of sudden environmental incidents. Control sections (points) and control sections (points) should be set up for surface water, atmosphere, soil, and groundwater contaminated by sudden environmental events. Reduction sections (points) should also be set up for surface water and groundwater. The distribution of points should ensure that sufficient representative information can be obtained, while considering the safety and feasibility of sampling.
For emergency monitoring of fixed and mobile pollution sources in sudden environmental incidents, sampling sections (points) should be set up according to the specific situation on site.
(1) Layout of sampling sections (points)
The layout of sampling sections (points) for water and wastewater, air and exhaust gas, soil and solid waste can refer to HI/T91、HJ 91.1、HJ 164、HJ493、HJ494、HJ 193、HJ194、HJ/T 55、HJ/T 166 Implement standards such as HJ/T20.
(2) Number of sampling section (point)
Sampling sections (points) should be numbered. If the sampling section (point) is changed due to the adjustment of the emergency monitoring plan, the newly established sections (points) between the original sections (points) should be numbered in the form of lower level numbers in sequence.
2. Monitoring frequency
The monitoring frequency is mainly determined based on the on-site pollution situation. At the beginning of the incident, the monitoring frequency can be appropriately increased. After understanding the pollution change pattern, the monitoring frequency can be appropriately reduced based on different environmental functions and specific pollution conditions on site, striving to obtain monitoring results with sufficient spatial and temporal representativeness at the most reasonable monitoring frequency, achieving both representativeness, meeting emergency work requirements, and practicality.
3. Monitoring project
Monitoring project settings refer to "5.2 Determination of Pollutants and Monitoring Projects"
4. Emergency monitoring methods
The selection of emergency monitoring methods aims to support environmental emergency response needs, and appropriate monitoring methods are chosen based on monitoring capabilities, site conditions, and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods to ensure monitoring efficiency and data quality.
Under the premise of meeting the needs of environmental emergency response, priority should be given to selecting monitoring methods specified by national or industry standards, and monitoring methods should be unified as much as possible during the same emergency phase. 6.5.3 When the sample is difficult to store or is in the stage of contamination tracing, on-site rapid determination methods should be preferred. The results obtained through on-site rapid measurement methods should be noted in the monitoring report. For on-site rapid determination methods, in addition to self calibration or standard sample determination, quality control can also be achieved by comparing and confirming with other methods based on different principles.
Relevant environmental quality automatic monitoring systems and pollution source online monitoring systems can be used as supplementary monitoring methods.
5. Evaluation criteria or requirements
Emergency monitoring of sudden environmental incidents shall be evaluated in accordance with relevant ecological environment quality standards, ecological environment risk control standards, pollutant emission standards, or other relevant standards. If there are no evaluation standards for the monitored project, relevant evaluation standards or requirements from domestic, foreign, and international organizations can be referred to and indicated in the plan and report.
（3） Tracking and monitoring
1. Sample collection
(1) Sampling preparation and recording
Develop relevant sampling plans based on the emergency monitoring plan for sudden environmental incidents, including sampling personnel and division of labor, sampling equipment, safety protection equipment and facilities, necessary simple and rapid detection equipment, etc. If necessary, develop a more detailed sampling plan based on the specific situation at the event site.
Sampling equipment mainly includes samplers and sample containers. Common sampling equipment materials and washing requirements can refer to corresponding monitoring technical specifications for air, water, soil, etc. If conditions permit, a set of sampling equipment for emergency monitoring should be specially equipped. In addition, local air or water quality automatic online monitoring equipment, unmanned aerial vehicles (ships) and other new sampling devices can be used for sampling.
On site sampling records should be truthfully recorded and completed on site, with comprehensive content that can fully utilize routine monitoring forms for standardized recording. At least the following information should be included:
a) Sampling section (point) geographic information and point layout map, if necessary, on-site video recording and photography of the sampling section (point) and surrounding conditions, with special attention given to identifying structures such as buildings, bridges, etc. at the location of the sampling section (point);
b) Necessary hydro meteorological and geological parameters, information on sensitive points in the surrounding environment, and sensory characteristics of samples;
C) Information on monitoring items, sampling time, sample quantity, blank and parallel samples, etc;
D) Signature of sampling personnel and verification personnel.
(2) Determination of Sampling Method and Sampling Quantity
Emergency monitoring usually collects instantaneous samples, and multiple monitoring sections (points) should be sampled at the same time. The sampling amount should be determined based on the analysis items and methods, and should also meet the requirements for sample retention.
The specific sampling methods and quantities can refer to standards such as HJT91, HJ91.1, HJ164, HJ493, HJ494, HJ193, HJ 194, HJ/T 55, HJ/T 166, and HJ/T 20.
(3) Sample management
The purpose of sample management is to ensure that the collection, storage, transportation, reception, analysis, and disposal of samples are carried out in an orderly manner, and to ensure that samples are always in a controlled state during the transmission process.
1) Sample identification
Samples should be classified in a certain way, such as by environmental factors or other methods, and corresponding unique identifiers should be recorded on sample labels and on-site sampling records. The sample identification should at least include information such as sample number, sampling point location, monitoring items, sampling time, and sampler. Toxic, harmful, flammable, and explosive samples, especially pollution source samples, should be marked with special labels (such as patterns and text).
2) Sample preservation
In addition to on-site testing items, suitable storage containers and sample preservation methods should be selected for samples that need to be sent to the laboratory for analysis based on their characteristics and monitoring items. Try to avoid any changes to the sample during storage and transportation. Emergency samples that are flammable, explosive, toxic, and harmful should be classified and stored to ensure safety.
3) Sample transportation and handover
Samples that need to be sent to the laboratory for analysis should be promptly sent to the laboratory for analysis to avoid any changes during storage and transportation.
Samples containing volatile substances or high-temperature unstable substances should be stored and transported at low temperatures.
Before transporting the sample, the inner and outer covers (plugs) of the sample container should be tightly sealed. When packing, it should be safely separated to prevent sample damage and overturning. Each sample box should have a corresponding sample sampling record or sample delivery list, and specialized personnel should transport the samples and fill out the sample handover record form.
For emergency monitoring samples that are toxic, harmful, flammable, explosive, or have unknown characteristics, especially pollution source samples, the sampling personnel should inform the receiving personnel of the danger of the samples when sending them to the laboratory. The receiving personnel should also explain the danger of the samples to the laboratory personnel. Laboratory analysts should pay attention to safety during analysis.
4) Sample disposal
Samples should be retained during the storage period. Samples containing highly toxic or large amounts of toxic and harmful compounds, especially pollution source samples, should be properly disposed of according to relevant requirements.
2. On site monitoring
(1) On site monitoring instruments and equipment
The selection of on-site monitoring instruments and equipment should mainly focus on portable, direct reading, and multi parameter on-site monitoring instruments, which are required to be able to quickly identify, screen, and monitor pollutants through qualitative and semi quantitative monitoring results.
Commonly used on-site monitoring instruments and equipment, such as test strips, rapid detection tubes, and portable monitoring instruments, can be configured according to local conditions and national environmental monitoring station construction standards. When needed, emergency monitoring instruments such as portable gas chromatography, portable infrared spectrometer, and portable gas chromatography/mass spectrometer should be equipped. Equipment such as water quality and atmospheric emergency monitoring vehicles that can use integrated portable/vehicle mounted monitoring instruments and equipment if conditions permit
After use, the test strips, rapid detection tubes, reagents, and waste should be properly disposed of according to relevant requirements
(2) On site monitoring records
Timely on-site monitoring and recording should be conducted to ensure complete information. Daily monitoring record forms can be used for recording, mainly including monitoring time, monitoring sections (points), schematic diagrams of monitoring sections (points), necessary environmental conditions, sample types, monitoring items, monitoring analysis methods, instrument names, instrument models, instrument numbers, instrument calibration or verification, monitoring results, signatures of monitoring and verification personnel, and necessary hydrological, meteorological, and geological parameters.
3. Laboratory analysis
After the samples arrive at the laboratory, laboratory analysis should be carried out in a timely manner according to the emergency monitoring plan. The uniqueness of sample identification should be maintained during laboratory analysis. 7.3.2 Keep corresponding original records during laboratory analysis, and make notes in case of special circumstances and necessary explanations
4. Monitoring results and data processing
The emergency monitoring results of sudden environmental incidents can be represented by qualitative, semi quantitative, or quantitative monitoring results. Qualitative monitoring results can be represented by "detected" or "not detected"; Semi quantitative monitoring results can provide measurement results or measurement result ranges; Quantitative monitoring results should provide measurement results and indicate their detection limits. If they exceed the corresponding evaluation standards or requirements, the excess multiple should also be specified. The data processing for emergency monitoring of sudden environmental incidents shall be carried out in accordance with the corresponding analysis methods and monitoring technical specifications. The data rounding rules shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T8170.
（4） Emergency Monitoring Report
The conclusion information of the emergency monitoring report should be truthful, accurate, timely, and quickly submitted.
1. Report format and content
(1) Report format
The emergency monitoring report for sudden environmental incidents shall be submitted in accordance with the local emergency monitoring plan or the requirements of the emergency monitoring plan.
(2) Report content
The content of the emergency monitoring report for sudden environmental incidents includes the implementation and plan of emergency monitoring work, analysis of monitoring data and related information, determination of characteristic pollutant types, distribution of pollution clusters, and migration and diffusion trends, etc., providing scientific and reasonable reference suggestions for the assessment and response to environmental emergency situations.
Principles for preparing emergency monitoring reports for sudden environmental incidents: accurate content, highlighting key points; The conclusion is rigorous and the suggestions are reasonable; Comprehensive elements and standardized format.
According to the time of emergency monitoring, it can be divided into emergency monitoring report and emergency monitoring summary report. Among them, the emergency monitoring report is applicable to the reporting of monitoring work by the emergency monitoring team to the environmental emergency organization command institution during the emergency monitoring period; The emergency monitoring summary report is a summary of the emergency monitoring work participated in by the relevant emergency monitoring teams after the end of the emergency monitoring.
The structure and content of the emergency monitoring report are generally divided into four parts: basic event information, monitoring work progress, monitoring conclusions and recommendations, and monitoring report attachments. Overview of the basic situation of the incident, including the time, location, nature of the incident, the situation as of the time of reporting, the causes of the incident, the measures taken, and the sensitive targets that may be affected. The implementation of monitoring work mainly includes the action process of emergency monitoring and the content of monitoring work. The monitoring conclusions and recommendations mainly include the distribution characteristics of characteristic pollutants and major pollution factors at various points as of the preparation of the current report, combined with other information to analyze the possible location and range of pollution groups, predict the trend of pollution diffusion and the impact on sensitive targets, and based on the comprehensive analysis of monitoring data and relevant information, provide reference suggestions to the environmental emergency organization command organization as the basis for formulating the next emergency monitoring plan. If it meets the termination conditions of emergency monitoring, termination suggestions can be proposed in the report. The attachments to the monitoring report mainly include pollution trend charts, monitoring method tables, monitoring data tables, monitoring point maps (tables), monitoring site photos, and information related to characteristic pollutants (usually only used as attachments to the first report).
After the emergency monitoring work is completed, an emergency monitoring summary report should be prepared, which mainly includes the basic situation of the event, the progress of emergency monitoring work, experience and shortcomings, and the content of the report attachments.
2. Scope of submission
Submit according to the requirements of the local emergency monitoring plan or emergency monitoring plan for sudden environmental incidents
3. Confidentiality and material archiving
Emergency monitoring reports and related materials should be kept confidential and archived in accordance with relevant regulations.
◉ Compliance Services
The laboratory is built and managed strictly in accordance with standards, equipped with advanced instruments and equipment, and has a professional technical team with superb skills. It has rich industry service experience and strong testing technology capabilities. Based on the principles of objectivity and fairness, it provides authoritative testing reports with legal effect to the society, and provides full chain environmental risk management support for enterprises and regulatory departments. Welcome to contact us at 400-9269-886!
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